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Quantitative Contributions of the Muscles of the Tongue, Floor-of-Mouth, Jaw, and Velum to Tongue-to-Palate Pressure Generation

Debra M. Jaffe
Hollywood, FL

Timothy M. McCulloch
Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA

Eileen M. Finnegan
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

Douglas J. Van Daele
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics

Erich S. Luschei
University of Iowa

Contact author: Phyllis M. Palmer, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, MSC01 1195, Albuquerque, NM 87131. E-mail: ppalmer{at}unm.edu.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between tongue-to-palate pressure and the electromyography (EMG) measured from the mylohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric, geniohyoid, medial pterygoid, velum, genioglossus, and intrinsic tongue muscles.

Methods: Seven healthy adults performed tongue-to-palate pressure tasks at known percentages of their maximum pressure while intramuscular EMG was recorded from the muscles stated above. Multiple regression analysis was performed.

Results: Predictors of pressure included the posterior fibers of the genioglossus, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, medial pterygoid, and intrinsic tongue.

Conclusions: Increasing tongue-to-palate pressure coincides with increased muscle activity. Activation of the floor-of-mouth, tongue, and jaw closing muscles increased tongue-to-palate pressure. These findings support the use of a tongue-press exercise to strengthen floor-of-mouth muscles, tongue, and jaw-closing muscles.

KEY WORDS: electromyography, pressure, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, geniohyoid, tongue, velum, medial pterygoid, genioglossus, Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI)

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