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The Genetic Bases of Speech Sound Disorders: Evidence From Spoken and Written Language

Lawrence D. Shriberg
Waisman Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison

Lisa A. Freebairn
Amy J. Hansen
Catherine M. Stein
H. Gerry Taylor
Sudha K. Iyengar
Case Western Reserve University

Contact author: Barbara Lewis, Behavioral Pediatrics and Psychology 6038, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-6038. E-mail: barbara.lewis{at}case.edu.

The purpose of this article is to review recent findings suggesting a genetic susceptibility for speech sound disorders (SSD), the most prevalent communication disorder in early childhood. The importance of genetic studies of SSD and the hypothetical underpinnings of these genetic findings are reviewed, as well as genetic associations of SSD with other language and reading disabilities. The authors propose that many genes contribute to SSD. They further hypothesize that some genes contribute to SSD disorders alone, whereas other genes influence both SSD and other written and spoken language disorders. The authors postulate that underlying common cognitive traits, or endophenotypes, are responsible for shared genetic influences of spoken and written language. They review findings from their genetic linkage study and from the literature to illustrate recent developments in this area. Finally, they discuss challenges for identifying genetic influence on SSD and propose a conceptual framework for study of the genetic basis of SSD.

KEY WORDS: genetics, reading disorders, speech sound disorders, language disorders

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